Dexmedetomidine alleviates hippocampal neuronal loss and cognitive decline in rats undergoing open surgery under sevoflurane anaesthesia by suppressing CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta.

Dexmedetomidine (Dex) may exert neuroprotective effects by attenuating inflammatory responses. However, whether Dex specifically improves postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) by inhibiting microglial inflammation through what pathway remains unclear. In this study, the POCD model was constructed by performing open surgery after 3 h of continuous inhalation of 3% sevoflurane to rats, which were intraperitoneally injected with 25 µg/kg Dex .5 h before anaesthesia. The results displayed that Dex intervention decreased rat escape latency, maintained swimming speed and increased the number of times rats crossed the platform and the time spent in the target quadrant. Furthermore, the rat neuronal injury was restored, alleviated POCD modelling-induced rat hippocampal microglial activation and inhibited microglial M1 type polarization. Besides, we administered Dex injection and/or CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (CEBPB) knockdown on the basis of sevoflurane exposure and open surgery and found that CEBPB was knocked down, resulting in the inability of Dex to function, which confirmed CEBPB as a target for Dex treatment. To sum up, Dex improved POCD by considering CEBPB as a drug target to activate the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p-38 signaling pathway, inhibiting microglial M1 polarization-mediated inflammation in the central nervous system.

Association between perceived life stress and subjective well-being among Chinese perimenopausal women: a moderated mediation analysis.

BACKGROUND: The impact of perceived life stress on subjective well-being has been well-established; while few studies have explored the mediating and moderating mechanisms of the association between perceived life stress and subjective well-being among perimenopausal women. This study is aimed at exploring the mediating effect of depressive symptoms and the role of interests/hobbies as a moderator in the association between perceived life stress and subjective well-being among perimenopausal women. METHODS: The participants were 1,104 perimenopausal women at the age of 40 to 60, who were asked to complete a paper-based questionnaire. A single item was used to measure self-perceived life stress and interests/hobbies. The Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Subjective Well-being Scale for Chinese Citizens (SWBS-CC) were applied to assess both depressive symptoms and subjective well-being. Multiple linear regression analysis and the PROCESS macro were adopted to analyse not only the mediating effect of depressive symptoms but also the moderating role of interests/hobbies. RESULTS: Perceived life stress was negatively associated with subjective well-being (B =  - 1.424, ß =  - 0.101, P < 0.001). The impact of perceived life stress on subjective well-being was partially mediated by depressive symptoms (mediation effect = -0.760, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [-1.129, -0.415]). In addition, the interaction term between depressive symptoms and interests/hobbies was significantly related to subjective well-being (ß =  - 0.060, P < 0.05), indicating moderating effect. Moderated mediation had a significant index (Index = -0.220, SE = 0.099, 95% CI [-0.460, -0.060]). CONCLUSIONS: Perceived life stress was negatively related to subjective well-being. The impact of perceived life stress on subjective well-being was mediated by depressive symptoms. Besides, interests/hobbies moderated the indirect effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between perceived life stress and subjective well-being.

Associations of sleep quality, anxiety symptoms and social support with subjective well-being among Chinese perimenopausal women.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have explored the internal pathway of the association between sleep quality and subjective well-being among perimenopausal women. METHODS: A survey was performed of 1063 perimenopausal women aged 40 to 60 years who participated in a regular health examination conducted at the First Hospital of Jilin University, China. Participants were asked to complete a study questionnaire. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale and Subjective Well-being Scale for Chinese Citizens were used to assess sleep quality, anxiety symptoms, social support and subjective well-being, respectively. The data were analyzed using t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis and the PROCESS macro. RESULTS: The mean total subjective well-being score was 90.14 ± 12.80. The correlation analyzes showed that sleep quality (r = -0.341, P < 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (r = -0.490, P < 0.001) were negatively correlated with subjective well-being. Social support was positively correlated with subjective well-being (r = 0.480, P < 0.001). The effect of sleep quality on subjective well-being was partially mediated by anxiety symptoms (Effect = -0.462, 95% CI = [-0.577, -0.363]). In addition, social support moderated the association between anxiety symptoms and subjective well-being (Index = -0.006, 95% CI = [-0.012, -0.001]). LIMITATIONS: This was a cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of sleep quality on subjective well-being was partially mediated by anxiety symptoms, and social support moderated the association between anxiety symptoms and subjective well-being among perimenopausal women.

Associations of negative life events and coping styles with sleep quality among Chinese adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Limited published research has examined the relationships of negative life events and coping styles with sleep quality in Chinese junior high school students. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of poor sleep quality and to clarify the role of coping styles between negative life events and sleep quality. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 3081 students was conducted in Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, Southeastern China. Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index were applied to assess negative life events, coping styles, and sleep quality, respectively. Descriptive analyses, independent-samples t tests, one-way analyses of variance, Pearson correlation analyses, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were applied to analyze the data. RESULTS: The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 26.7%. Negative life events (B = 0.038, P < 0.001) and negative coping style (B = 0.049, P < 0.001) demonstrated a positive association with poor sleep quality, while positive coping style indicated a negative association with poor sleep quality (B = -0.029, P < 0.001). Interactions of negative life events and coping styles with sleep quality were not found (all P > 0.05). The association between negative life events and sleep quality was mediated by negative coping styles. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that poor sleep quality was common in these Chinese adolescents. Negative life events and negative coping style were associated with an increased prevalence of poor sleep quality, while the positive coping style was related to a decreased prevalence of poor sleep quality. A negative coping style mediated the association between negative life events and sleep quality.

The prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors in middle-aged and elderly people in China. METHODS: Data were obtained from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2018. We selected 16,767 respondents over the age of 45 as samples for research and analysis. A short version of the Center for Epidemiological Research Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to explore the related factors of depressive symptoms. Back Propagation neural network model was established to examine the ranking of influencing factors of depressive symptoms. RESULTS: There was 24.1% prevalence of depressive symptoms among the respondents. The 14 important variables affecting depressive symptoms were screened out with the multivariable logistic regression. Based on the BP neural network to rank the degree of importance, the top five important variables were determined, which were subjective well-being (100.0%), self-reported health (92.0%), life satisfaction (83.4%), ADL disability (74.0%), and marital status (69.7%). LIMITATIONS: This study was a cross-sectional study, and causality cannot be determined. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people was high. Subjective quality of life evaluation, health condition and marital status were important factors that have an impact on depressive symptoms.

Relationships of organisational justice, psychological capital and professional identity with job burnout among Chinese nurses: A cross-sectional study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The present study was aimed at describing the status of job burnout and exploring the mediating roles of psychological capital and professional identity on the association between organisational justice and job burnout. BACKGROUND: With the shortage of nurses all over the world, nurses' job burnout has become the focus of studies in recent years. However, limited published research has examined the mediating roles of psychological capital and professional identity on the association between organisational justice and job burnout within hospital contexts in China. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design. METHODS: A total of 1,009 nurses were enrolled from a major general hospital located in Qiqihar City in the northeast of China from March-July 2018, and asked to complete questionnaires regarding organisational justice, psychological capital, professional identity and job burnout. The STROBE checklist was adhered to in this study. RESULTS: It was observed that the overall proportion of nurses with job burnout was 58.8%. All the correlations among organisational justice, psychological capital, professional identity and job burnout were statistically significant, with coefficients ranging between -0.487-0.863. Psychological capital and professional identity had indirect effects equal to -0.072 and -0.142, respectively, on the association between organisational justice and job burnout, taking up 13.7% and 26.9% of the total effect, respectively. The serial indirect effect of psychological capital and professional identity was -0.129, accounting for 24.5% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the necessity of addressing the status of job burnout among Chinese nurses. Psychological capital and professional identity may mediate the linkage between organisational justice and job burnout independently and accumulatively. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nursing managers should strengthen organisational justice and improve the psychological capital and professional identity of nurses through effective strategies to prevent the job burnout of nurses.

Establishment and associated factors of health records among young Chinese migrants.

BACKGROUND: Most Chinese migrants have been faced with obstacles to getting access to local public health services. Young migrants among internal migrants make a major contribution to the economy. However, the establishment of their health records has been ignored. This research was aimed at exploring the status and associated factors of the establishment of health records among young Chinese migrants. METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS). Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were performed to investigate the associated factors of the establishment of health records among young Chinese migrants. RESULTS: Approximately 30.2% of young migrants had their health records established in inflow communities. Urban residence, medical insurance (insured), and lower average monthly household income were attributed to the establishment of more health records. Young migrants who were in northeast China and across provinces and immigrated for working or engaging in trade were less likely to have health records established. Young migrants who participated in social activities and public affairs activities and took type of people in touch as natives in the inflow area showed a higher possibility of establishing health records. Meanwhile, receiving health education and hearing about national basic public health services (BPHSs) were beneficial for establishing the health records of more young migrants. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the health records of young migrants had a relatively low establishment rate. Sociodemographic and migration characteristics, health status, public health services, and social integration factors were all related to the health record establishment of young Chinese migrants.

Relationships of professional identity and psychological reward satisfaction with subjective well-being among Chinese nurses.

AIM: This study aimed at exploring the impact of professional identity and psychological reward satisfaction on subjective well-being and clarifying the effect of psychological reward satisfaction on this relationship. BACKGROUND: People know little about the effect of psychological reward satisfaction on the relationship between professional identity and subjective well-being. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 1,009 nurses from Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province of China. Professional Identity Scale, Psychological Reward Satisfaction Scale and General Well-Being Schedule were used to assess professional identity, psychological reward satisfaction and subjective well-being, respectively. Associations were explored by using structural equation modelling. RESULTS: The subjective well-being of 436 (43.2%) nurses was at low and moderate levels. After the adjustment of potential confounding factors, professional identity was still associated with subjective well-being (B = 3.035, ß = 0.215, p < .001). Professional identity (r = .308) and psychological reward satisfaction (r = .309) were positively correlated with subjective well-being. Psychological reward satisfaction mediated the association between professional identity and subjective well-being (effect = 0.114, p < .001). CONCLUSION: This study suggested that the subjective well-being of nurses should be improved by paying special attention to them and taking targeted support measures. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nursing managers can help enhance the professional identity of nurses by organising nursing education activities, and pay more attention to psychological reward satisfaction to improve the subjective well-being of nurses.

The relationship between job stress and job burnout: the mediating effects of perceived social support and job satisfaction.

Job stress, perceived social support, and job satisfaction are important predictors of job burnout. However, few studies have explored the mechanism of job stress on different dimensions of job burnout through perceived social support and job satisfaction among bank employees. In this study, a total of 1464 Chinese bank employees completed the Job Stress Assessment Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. The results showed that job burnout was positively associated with job stress but negatively associated with perceived social support and job satisfaction. Mediating analyses showed that the mediation of perceived social support was different for job burnout than for different job burnout dimensions. Job satisfaction mediated the relationship between job stress and different job burnout dimensions. In addition, the association between job stress and job burnout was sequentially mediated by perceived social support and job satisfaction.

Association between lifestyle factors and depressive symptoms among Chinese middle school students: a cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to identify the independent contributions of lifestyle factors to depressive symptoms among Chinese middle school students, with a focus on gender differences. A cross-sectional study of 3081 middle school students was conducted in Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China. Students were asked to complete a questionnaire including socio-demographics, lifestyle factors, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Chinese Secondary School Students Depression Scale. The total prevalence of depressive symptoms was 19.9%. Poor quality of sleep, smoking, drinking and longer mobile phone use time were related to increased prevalence of depressive symptoms after adjusting for potential confounders. A significant interaction between gender and quality of sleep on the depressive symptoms was found (P = 0.014). The gender-stratified analysis showed that quality of sleep was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in both genders. However, the effect in males was greater than that in females.

Detection of Algorithmically Generated Domain Names Using the Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network with Spatial Pyramid Pooling.

Domain generation algorithms (DGAs) use specific parameters as random seeds to generate a large number of random domain names to prevent malicious domain name detection. This greatly increases the difficulty of detecting and defending against botnets and malware. Traditional models for detecting algorithmically generated domain names generally rely on manually extracting statistical characteristics from the domain names or network traffic and then employing classifiers to distinguish the algorithmically generated domain names. These models always require labor intensive manual feature engineering. In contrast, most state-of-the-art models based on deep neural networks are sensitive to imbalance in the sample distribution and cannot fully exploit the discriminative class features in domain names or network traffic, leading to decreased detection accuracy. To address these issues, we employ the borderline synthetic minority over-sampling algorithm (SMOTE) to improve sample balance. We also propose a recurrent convolutional neural network with spatial pyramid pooling (RCNN-SPP) to extract discriminative and distinctive class features. The recurrent convolutional neural network combines a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a bi-directional long short-term memory network (Bi-LSTM) to extract both the semantic and contextual information from domain names. We then employ the spatial pyramid pooling strategy to refine the contextual representation by capturing multi-scale contextual information from domain names. The experimental results from different domain name datasets demonstrate that our model can achieve 92.36% accuracy, an 89.55% recall rate, a 90.46% F1-score, and 95.39% AUC in identifying DGA and legitimate domain names, and it can achieve 92.45% accuracy rate, a 90.12% recall rate, a 90.86% F1-score, and 96.59% AUC in multi-classification problems. It achieves significant improvement over existing models in terms of accuracy and robustness.

Gender difference in the association of coping styles and social support with psychological distress among patients with end-stage renal disease.

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to explore the association of coping styles and social support with psychological distress among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as well as gender differences in these associations. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 769 ESRD patients was conducted at 25 hospitals in Qiqihar City, China. All information was collected using structured questionnaires that were self-administered by the patients. Patients' psychological health status, coping styles and perceived social support were measured using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Student's t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and binary logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 72.3% of participants reported psychological distress, and the prevalence of distress was higher in females (77.0%) than in males (68.8%). The usage of the acceptance-resignation coping style was positively related to psychological distress (B = 0.459, P < 0.001). Social support level was negatively associated with psychological distress (B = -0.049, P < 0.001). The use of the confrontation style was negatively related to psychological distress in females (OR = 0.87, 95% CI [0.78-0.96]) but not in males (OR = 0.98, 95% CI [0.91-1.06]) (P for interaction term = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Greater use of the acceptance-resignation style and lower social support are related to a higher risk of psychological distress. Greater use of the confrontation style is related to a lower risk of psychological distress in females but not in males.

The Associations of Family Functioning, General Well-Being, and Exercise with Mental Health among End-Stage Renal Disease Patients.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the relationships of family functioning, general well-being, and exercise with psychological distress. Furthermore, we investigated the special roles of general well-being and exercise on the association between family functioning and psychological distress. METHODS: Of 769 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients participated in the cross-sectional study which consisted of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Family APGAR Scales, and the General Well-Being Schedule. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and path analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of psychological distress was 72.3%. Family functioning, general well-being and exercise were associated factors of psychological distress (p<0.05). The indirect effect of family functioning on psychological distress was partially mediated by general well-being (Effect=-0.08, 95% CI=-0.11, -0.04). In addition, the effect of family functioning on general well-being was moderated by exercise (Index=-0.092, SE=0.033, 95% CI=-0.159, -0.029). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of psychological distress among ESRD patients was high. Family functioning, general well-being and exercise were associated with psychological distress. Family functioning could affect psychological distress partially by affecting general well-being. Furthermore, exercise had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between family functioning and general well-being.

Associations of family relationships and negative life events with depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study was to explore the associations of family relationships and negative life events with depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 3081 middle school students was conducted in Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China. Students were asked to complete questionnaires regarding family relationships, negative life events, and depressive symptoms. A mediation analysis was carried out using a multiple regression analysis and the PROCESS macro method. RESULTS: Of all participants, 19.9% reported experiencing depressive symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 13.0% and 29.2% in participants with good and poor parental relationships, and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 11.4% and 30.9% in participants with closed and alienated parental-child relationships, respectively. Parental relationships, parental-child relationships, and negative life events were positively correlated with depressive symptoms. The effect of parental relationships on depressive symptoms was fully mediated by negative life events (Effect = 0.052, 95% CI = [0.023, 0.082]), while the effect of parent-child relationships on adolescent depressive symptoms was partially mediated by negative life events (Effect = 0.075, 95% CI = [0.048, 0.104]). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Poor family relationships may have the potential to increase the risk of depressive symptoms, and they could affect depressive symptoms through negative life events.

Relationships of coping styles and sleep quality with anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Limited published research has examined the relationships of coping styles and sleep quality with anxiety symptoms in Chinese school adolescents. We aimed to explore the effect of coping styles and sleep quality on anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, we investigated the interactions of coping styles and sleep quality with anxiety symptoms. METHODS: The survey was conducted in Jiangxi Province, China. The Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Chinese Secondary School Students Anxiety Scale were utilized to assess sleep quality, coping styles and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the relationships of coping styles and sleep quality with anxiety symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 3081 students participated in this study, 50.8% of whom were boys; the number of participants in grades 1, 2 and 3 were 979, 1085 and 1017, respectively. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 27.3%. Individuals with poor sleep quality were 3.558 (95% CI = 2.716-4.660) times as likely to have anxiety symptoms than those with good sleep quality. Higher negative coping style scores increased the prevalence of anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.101, 95% CI = 1.894-2.332), whereas higher positive coping style scores were related to reduced odds of anxiety symptoms (OR = 0.892, 95% CI = 0.800-0.995). Interactions of coping styles and sleep quality with anxiety symptoms were not found (all p > 0.05). The association between negative coping style and anxiety symptoms was mediated by sleep quality. LIMITATIONS: This study was cross-sectional and limited to Ganzhou City. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study showed a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms compared with the result of a previous study in Chinese school adolescents. Negative coping style and poor sleep quality were associated with an increased prevalence of anxiety symptoms, whereas positive coping style was related to a decreased prevalence of anxiety symptoms. Sleep quality was a mediating factor between negative coping style and anxiety symptoms.

Effects of climate factors on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Changchun, 2013 to 2017.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a rodent-borne disease caused by hantaviruses (HVs). Climate factors have a significant impact on the transmission of HFRS. Here, we characterized the dynamic temporal trend of HFRS and identified the roles of climate factors in its transmission in Changchun, China.Surveillance data of HFRS cases and data on related environmental variables from 2013 to 2017 were collected. A principal components regression (PCR) model was used to quantify the relationship between climate factors and transmission of HFRS.During 2013 to 2017, a distinctly declining temporal trend of annual HFRS incidence was identified. Four principal components were extracted, with a cumulative contribution rate of 89.282%. The association between HFRS epidemics and climate factors was better explained by the PCR model (F = 10.050, P <.001, adjusted R = 0.456) than by the general multiple regression model (F = 2.748, P <.005, adjusted R = 0.397).The monthly trends of HFRS were positively correlated with the mean wind velocity but negatively correlated with the mean temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration, and accumulative precipitation of the different previous months. The study results may be useful for the development of HFRS preventive initiatives that are customized for Changchun regarding specific climate environments.

Effects of chitosan-based coatings on storage quality of Chinese shrimp.

We investigated the effects of chitosan-based coatings on the preservation quality of refrigerated Chinese shrimp for 12 days. Samples of Chinese shrimp were subjected to three different coating treatments, namely chitosan (CH), chitosan and ε-polylysine (CH + Îµ-PL), chitosan combined with ε-polylysine and carrageenan (CH + Îµ-PL + CA), and compared with a control. The bacteriological characteristics [total viable count (TVC)], chemical indexes including pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, K-value, and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), texture (hardness, chewiness, and elasticity), and sensory changes were assessed. The increases in TVC, pH, TBA, K-value, and TVB-N were observed to be delayed by preservation treatments, and the textural and sensory characteristics indicated that the treated shrimp were preserved more effectively than the control. Treatment with chitosan combined with ε-polylysine and carrageenan was the most effective preservation method than treatment with chitosan alone or chitosan and ε-polylysine; the shelf life was also prolonged. Therefore, treatment with chitosan combined with ε-polylysine and carrageenan is proposed as a potential method for shelf life extension of Chinese shrimp for refrigerated storage.